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On each occasion a minor in Paris arranged lavish celebrations, accompanied by processions of troops with banners and music synthesis brass bands. Thousands of people took part in the performance of ceremonial cantatas. Music genre flourished in the light of the many restaurants, cafes, concerts, dance floors, located in the gardens and entertainment boulevard.
But all this splendor was only an outward, ostentatious side of life in Paris, the position of the working people of worse every day. The opposition to the empire of Napoleon III by the working class increased. By proletariat, joined the advanced section of the petty bourgeoisie and intelligentsia. The democratic movement was growing. Brewing crisis of the Second Empire, who gave himself six feel of the war with Austria in 1859 and broke out during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The war found all the internal pettiness, the utter rottenness of the empire, disordered state of the army, its commander’s lack of talent. At the first beats the Germans, the French army collapsed, and after the battle of Sedan, Napoleon III himself, surrendered.
Humiliating defeat of France helped to further accentuate the movement of the masses who are dissatisfied with the bourgeois system. The culmination of the social activity of the Parisian working class was the Paris Commune (March 18 - May 28, 1871) is the first in the history of the proletarian revolution, the first experience of the proletarian dictatorship. Versailles, the Commune Thiers government was defeated; many of the commune - the color of the Parisian proletariat - were shot in France, reigned for a bourgeois government. The position of the people does not change for the better and was the same as heavy as before.
The democratic movement of the masses in France of the late 19th century was reflected in its art, in its various spheres - art, literature tour, theater, music - notably the desire for democracy, expressed in the use of scenes from the life of common people, in the realist movement in artIn the accessibility of artistic images and the means of expression.
In 1875, held its first staging of the opera by Bizet's "Carmen", which was the crowning achievement of realism and democracy in the history of French opera and theatrical culture.
Even Pierre Berenger began the tradition of
Urban Lyrics. This tradition was continued and developed by French songwriters subsequent time, the so-called singer (chansonniers) among whom were workers and artisans.
Normally, such songs were sung in arty cafes and theaters on the outskirts of Paris. A huge number of poets and singers from the working class have defined a proletarian orientation of many songs. Especially popular was "The Song of Bread" by Pierre du Pont, also nicknamed the "Marseillaise hungry" and emerged even before the revolution of 1848. |